We turn to the business lady

We turn to the business lady

Very long time ago times when the woman associated only with kitchen, a plate, children and an other family life have left in the past. Today the fine half of mankind can be engaged in set of affairs on a level with men including to build career: to occupy supervising posts, to open the business, to deserve a recognition.

Actually, the woman needs to put much more efforts to achieve good results in a career field. So has already developed that heads on many posts prefer to take men. Men охотней take, raise faster. This stereotype will break very difficult, it is better not to spend at all for this time. After all a certain way to prove the superiority – to be valid better, more cleverly and is more skilled.

One more problem appears after increase. Agree, it is difficult to be the good boss if nobody considers you as it. Besides, many concern women to heads sceptically enough. Therefore your main task: to prove that you have received a place of the head by right and will consult with all duties. Let's try it make.

Trust and respect:

Quite normally that at the initial stage new subordinates will look at you mistrustfully. But it is necessary to keep adequately. If you are not confident the forces also associates will not believe in them.

Changes:

Not important, knew you of the colleague before increase or you have come to absolutely new collective, anyway, it is necessary for you to get used to an image of the head. For this purpose it is necessary to change something in itself, to refuse old habits. For example, if heads have not dinner in the next cafe as ordinary employees, you do not need to break the given tradition. As, it is useful to change something in clothes, to pass to more strict style and reserved colours.

New colleagues:

Be ready to what not all new colleagues and heads will be ready to recognise your post. They can even not notice your existence in a pointed manner. Concern it easy, communicate with colleagues how it is demanded by your post. Have patience, associates gradually will get used to your new role. You should confirm the status. If you really deservedly have raised, you cannot show the professionalism. Take the initiative, it will help to prove that you deserve a place of the head. Remember, here you build not personal relations, not friendship, and business ties and career.

And some rules of the present business lady:

- Accustom itself to punctuality. It is difficult to present the good chief who is constantly late for important meetings.

- To devote to company affairs due quantity of time. Be ready that instead of a campaign on shops you should consider the new business plan.

- Learn to stand priorities. It is very difficult to be simultaneously the successful business lady, careful mum, the ideal wife, the good cook.

- Do not consider collective as a family. Certainly, it is good to work in a circle of friends. But it strongly prevents to run company business.

- Be not afraid of disappointments and failures. Consider them as new experience. And at you all will turn out!

How to become the shadow leader

How to become the shadow leader

So, you have decided to become the grey cardinal (or, have decided to try that from this leaves):
- Very much it would be desirable,
- You see in it weight of advantages,
Is to you it is congenial,
- Also it seems, absolutely normal.
If you not so positively concern idea of transformation into the grey cardinal, I recommend to read further. It is useful, when you know both parties of a medal: as the grey cardinal to transform in white and as, in general people become grey cardinals (and as, professionals and irreplaceable employees).
Occurrence of the grey cardinal always signals us about something such:
- Management of separate people and collective limps;
- There is a possibility to become exclusive, with a heap of privileges;
- The power administrative on any sites without supervision;
- In any places streams (the information, money, emotions, problems), besides, are not supervised by the head, therefore on them "sits down" the grey cardinal and selects everything that is badly lain-is-is distributed;
- The head knows not everything that at it and where occurs.
In general, occurrence of the grey cardinal informs us on blind stains, blockages and holes in management. The grey cardinal – a sure sign in your marvellous company of presence of undercurrents, reeves and the sunk ships (it is possible, with treasures) which, if to lift-recover very much even it is possible to put on a course and to head.
The sharp employee, full of strength and ambitions, can easily prepare the strategic plan of capture of the power.
So, you start realisation.
1. In each company there is a favourite, soul of the company, or, the person whom the decision of the first person (to it influences acceptance trust, to it listen, it is reliable). It can be the grey cardinal (piously the place is empty never happens, people change, its occupying) or, recognised as a management, the leader.

You become for it the good person, gaining its simple receptions: help it, services in most, at first insignificant questions, and then all in more difficult and important. Appear in an aura of dwelling of this person (the formal leader or the grey cardinal) in the company and behind its limits.

At you it is accepted in smoking-rooms, or in cafes to discuss working questions? Be there. Offer a variant of a good business lunch, try to operate unostentatiously decision-making where to have dinner. If the person is not conservative – it will accept your offer. But offer not directly to it, and with whom he has dinner, do it so that the information has reached your purpose – the influential person knew, who has recommended. Let you will go to have dinner not with it, and will not appear with it behind one table. But – a drop the stone sharpens. The first information on you has gone. This main thing! And, if you were not mistaken in quality recommended, it will direct water stream on your mill.

The influential person plays on Saturdays in football and goes to a bath where many conversations on various themes are conducted? You can precisely support Any theme, if will appear in a proper place. Strongly not активничайте, do not move on itself attention "blanket". Be the good listener interested, attentive and grateful. And if you will ask, speak. So you are lighted, will attract attention, as the person thinking, not impudent, attentive, the person with whom it is good to have a rest because it does not strain.

After football or a dinner at you will necessarily look narrowly. The person so is arranged: it always reacts on someone's unostentatious and disinterested aid which comes to time, for ability to keep up the conversation, be attentive and interesting, the most important thing – not eclipsing.
Be not limited to unitary action: the recommendation, the commission.
Try, as it is possible to appear is more often in one situation with the person necessary to you, rendering it various services, carrying out commissions.
Be attentive and be not overzealous. Подхалимаж, the flattery and перпрогиб pushes away any person. The measure and attentiveness – should be your allies.

2. That, as to work. You should work, properly. Perform hardly more works, than to you have charged, do useful conclusions, bringing their person necessary to you (pour water on its mill). Be well informed about all event in the company, in its separate collectives. Share with the person necessary to you the information on clients, the competitors, new technologies and so forth

Include the prediction. Foresee that else to you can charge, slightly advance the heads, but be not proud of that you such good fellow. Simply, help. Facilitate life to the person necessary to you. In the company always it is a lot of problems, the irresponsible slovens, which these problems multiply. Each chief dreams of the person who from its language will break problems and to do them qualitatively, reducing quantity of problems.

It is a problem worthy all: and those who wants to become the grey cardinal and those who openly wants to promote.
The good employee, the professional – always draws attention.
But to draw to itself attention it is necessary with mind! That yours «хорошесть» and professionalism did not cause envy in others. Do not tease geese. They will eat you and will not choke. Not each collective can endure presence of the diligent employee.

So, to all wishing to become the grey cardinal and to promote, important to remember:

    Be there where the influential person lives.
    Be to it useful, since trifles.
    Perform hardly more works, than to you charge.
    Facilitate life to the person necessary to you, be useful in large affairs.
    «Do not tease geese», be not proud and do not eclipse the influential person.
    Executing these simple recommendations, it is thin, with sense of proportion, including the attentiveness, you will achieve the. And after all it only the beginning.

Opening of own manufacture of knitted products

Opening of own manufacture of knitted products

Manufacture and sale of knitted clothes and accessories is a favourable business if, of course, you do not knit production on sale manually. If you count on reception of good profit, experts recommend to begin with "industrial" scales.

First of all, be defined, you are going to be engaged in manufacture and which sale of the goods. It can be both adult and-or children's clothes, and knitted socks, slippers, gaiters, gloves, варежки, mitts and other accessories.

In the first case, it is required more investments, but in the presence of good designers-fashion designers and qualitative materials and the equipment it will be easier to take the place in the market.

In the second case, the starting capital can be less, the question of participation of skilled designers costs not so sharply (though nevertheless it is desirable to get at least one, really, good expert), but it will be too difficult to new company to compete to ubiquitous China.

Proceeding from the possibilities, desires and preferences, think over assortment of production of your future company. Besides, the great value has a price segment in which you will work. Now in the Russian market of clothes many offers on the average a price segment are observed. In a category of the goods at the price above and below an average analytics mark deficiency of production of the Russian manufacture. In a case with expensive things it is connected with insufficiently high quality of the goods.

The domestic production in the bottom price segment hardly competes on quality to the Chinese goods and loses to it at the price. If you can find while an empty niche in the market and to occupy it, quite really to pay back all investments for the first year of work of the enterprise.

First of all, the special equipment for manufacture is required to you. The good manual machine for knitting will manage in 30-40 thousand roubles. But such cars are not intended for mass production, as the majority of models differs enough low productivity (for example, about 250-300 pairs socks or варежек) and quickly fails (at a hard work – for 2-3 years).

Besides, work with such equipment demands special skills. However, as experts speak, for beginning businessmen usual двухфонтурная the car (it consists of actually car and a prefix which expands its possibilities and allows to carry out various kinds volume are viscous) at first will approach.

The automatic car costs much more expensive. Its price begins with 10 thousand euro (cost of the second-hand equipment), including the special program for work. Add to it about 200 thousand roubles on отпарочное and the sewing equipment, and also accompanying accessories (for example, интарсионные carriages and etc.). If you are going to make production in the low price segment, one car will be insufficiently.

Also at business plan drawing up at once put expenses on rent of premises under manufacture and shop: to work at home with knitting car which makes a lot of noise, it will not turn out.

At a stage of a choice of the equipment at once begin search of suppliers of materials. Materials for manufacture (a thread, accessories) is better to buy from the checked up wholesale companies. Depending on model and a price category it is possible to choose a yarn of home producers or the Italian brands (last is much more expensive).

If you make things for children, on this production it is necessary to receive corresponding certificates. As practice shows, expenses on certification pay off only at great volumes of manufacture. Therefore in this case it is necessary or to reconsider initial investments and planned indicators, or to think of assortment change.

If you are going to work at first independently you should master to begin with elements of work with knitting car. Many companies carry out special training for buyers of such equipment.

Also on your shoulders all work on working out of beautiful and convenient models will lay down. If you do not have experience in this sphere it is better to address for the help to designers-fashion designers – they can be employed for time or a permanent job, depending on the budget which you have. In process of increase in volumes of output it is necessary to reflect on search of assistants which will work at a factory.

Certainly, not smaller your attention is deserved by a question of sale of finished goods. Depending on the size of the company, you can or open firm shop where will sell things of own manufacture, or to co-operate with owners of other shops or with the wholesale companies.

Anyway to the new enterprise not to do without advertising. You can dispatch catalogues with the offers to shops and potential buyers, place announcements in printing mass-media and on the Internet, take part in industry shows. The business connected with manufacture of knitted products, seasonal. The peak of sales is necessary for the autumn and winter. In spring and a summer season easy lacy topics, vests, capes, palatines and so forth are in demand

The minimum size of the starting capital for opening of own business on manufacture of knitted products makes 150 т. The river the Time of recovery of outlay – from 1-1,5 years.

How to open the manufacture of tin products

How to open the manufacture of tin products

Packing from a white tin is in great demand till now, despite growth of popularity of other materials (mainly aluminium and its alloys and a steel sheet with coverings). The tin has some conclusive advantages: firmness to corrosion, свариваемость, elasticity and durability.
Some years ago the Russian manufacturers have started to let out is decorative-gift tin packing. On a tin material it is possible to carry out offset multi-colour lithograph which allows to transfer almost all colour shades. Depending on requirements of the customer such packing can be equipped by additional accessories (polymeric handles, замочками, metal шарнирными fastenings) or is decorated by relief images.

One of the largest Russian manufacturers of tin packing the Voronezh packing company is considered. The certain part of its production is made to order and imported to the USA, Canada and the European countries. It is the highly specialised manufacturer who is letting out only tin container.

Besides such enterprises, in the domestic market there are companies which make canned food and packing for them ("Ist-Vest Invest", "Harbour"). These enterprises also let out tin container (about 100 million банок in a year before crisis) and make резку and tin varnishing. In 2008-2009 at manufacturers of tins for food canned food there have come hard times.

Recession in the canning industry was reflected and in packing volumes of output. However now experts mark gradual restoration of the market. In 2012 the volume of output банок from a tin for food canned food has increased, as well as was predicted, on 6 % (last year growth has made only 4 %).

In our country the white tin is made only at one enterprise – Magnitogorsk metallurgical industrial complex. The competition in this segment of manufacture of packing is rather high. Experts advise to the new companies to aspire to occupy narrower niche in the market – on region or by the form let out production (for example, only souvenir gift packing). In this segment some companies though demand for beautiful and practical container for gift tea, coffee, sweets and etc. only increases every year work.

For the organisation of own manufacture of tin products the technological line on manufacture of such kind of packing is required premises under shops, and also. Cars for manufacture of similar production belong to the class of the technological equipment, therefore for their installation the big areas are necessary.

The usual tin container which has a small amount of variants of forms and the sizes (cans, simple container for tea and coffee, covers, butts and etc.), is made on automatic transfer lines. Souvenir banks are issued on semi-automatic lines. It is connected with special requirements to the form. Similar packing can be absolutely various kinds and the sizes, the equipment is necessary for recustomizing quickly, therefore great volume of work on manufacture is carried out manually. For preparation of raw materials and the press on ready packing experts recommend to use English equipment Grabtree. For manufacturing банок approaches German lines Krupp or Karges-Hammer.

For manufacture of packing production from a tin it is required: the car for roller welding, эксцентриковый a press, the spot welding car, гильотинные and disk scissors, кромкозагибочный the machine tool, the machine tool for запаивания, the forming car, the car for giving to cylindrical preparation another, besides round, forms, the conic car levelling and bending the cars.

As a rule, banks cook by means of a copper wire. It is considered the advanced and non-polluting way of welding. The thickness of a tin can make from 0,15 to 0,4 mm. For separate kinds of packing the following maximum deviations of net weight are supposed: 3 % in this or that party for container in net weight to 1 kg, 2 % for container in net weight more than 1 kg and 1 % for transport container. To quality of the tin from which products, requirements rather small are made.

The good equipment can work practically with any raw materials. It is possible to get both all technological line, and separate cars. High-efficiency it is considered the equipment which is letting out to 400 банок in minute. Productivity of a semi-automatic line much more low – about 10 units in a minute.

Also the car for the press on a tin or флексографическое the equipment for the press of labels is required to you. Besides, at large factories the dosing out and packing equipment for loose and liquid products is used. The minimum cost of the equipment makes about three millions roubles (a semi-automatic line and the car for the press on a tin).

The good equipment is only one of quality conditions of production let out on it. But it will not work without the help and control of servicemen of a technological line. In our country shortage of such experts is observed.

Demand for qualified personnel has arisen rather recently, and preparation occupies them a lot of time: after training the graduate should pass four-year practice under the direction of the skilled serviceman. Insufficient qualification and errors in work of such expert (and, hence, and idle times in line work) manage the expensive. The technological equipment often fails, and define and eliminate a problem in the shortest terms the professional can only.

On the manufacture women-stanovshchitsy usually work. Term of training of the new worker makes about three months. Manufacture process consists of several stages (to ten) which are carried out on conveyor type. At the Chinese factories, on the contrary, production consists of several tens operations. On the one hand, it considerably increases manufacture terms, and on the other hand, allows to make products of the most difficult forms.

Because of a high cost of transportation the Chinese production from a tin in a low and average price segment cannot compete to the Russian packing. However if it is a question of the difficult order here home producers concede to the Chinese. Strict quality assurance – one more condition of success of the new enterprise. Banks with apertures, cracks, black stains, with infringements of integrity of the seams, having sharp bends of a tin, помятость folds, a rust on an external surface, with incorrectly issued закаточным a seam are considered as marriage and are not supposed to realisation.

Such factors as the great demand on production and narrowness of the market of tin packing, allow manufacturers to do without regular placing of advertising in editions. Nevertheless, the companies actively take part in industry shows where find new clients and partners.

Wholesale cost of one tin makes about 50-60 roubles for unit (depending on volume, the form, presence of additional accessories and etc.). Average volumes of output – about 600-700 thousand банок in a year. The prospective time of recovery of outlay of the project of such scale makes from two years.

How to open business on manufacture of products from silicone

How to open business on manufacture of products from silicone

Silicone is whole group of synthetic polymers (silicon-organic of connections) which are widely used in building, in medicine, in cosmetology.

Silicone possesses set of useful properties: it pushes away water, chemically neutral and steady against various temperature influences (it maintains from – 70 to +250 degrees of Celsius). This material differs high resistibility to deforming force, the minimum degradation eventually both resistibility to hydrolysis and oxidation. Polymer can be in the form of a liquid, rubber (not vulcanized silicone composition), greasing or rubber.

Silicone apply in various spheres – in building designs to hermetic sealing of windows and a glass cover, for plumbing and sanitary, for hermetic sealing of surfaces of engines, transmissions, boards, cases, for hermetic sealing of a roof, pipes.

Chemically inert and biologically compatible silicone is used for имплантатов. From it make medical products (capillary, drainage, vacuum tubes, blood transfusion systems, cords, porous products, tapes, multichannel and corking products).

Of silicone rubber make even covers for mobile phones and female bags. These polymers are widely used in cosmetics. For example, most popular of them – antifoamy agents Dimethicone and Phenyl Trimethicone, antistatics Cyclomethicone and Methicone.

For the organisation of own manufacture of silicone the special hi-tech equipment is required premises under shop and a warehouse (the area depends on volumes of output), and also.

It is possible to get both semi-automatic, and completely automated line. The first includes: экструдер with the pneumo-hydraulic pump, the portioning device with continuous adjustment of volume, a press for tuba hermetic sealing. The automatic transfer line also consists from экструдера, the portioning device, and also the submitting sorter and the stacker in boxes.

The decision on what line to choose, depends on the size of your starting capital, a kind of made production, and also planned volumes of output. Anyway, at service semi-automatic or the automatic transfer line not to do without the help of the expert-serviceman. And for work on a line the minimum ten workers is required. The organisation of such manufacture – the scale project demanding the big investments which are estimated in several millions roubles or even dollars.

Besides, it is possible to get minishop for manufacture of cast products from полиуретанов and силиконов. It includes all necessary equipment, tools and equipments. By means of such minishops it is possible to make from полиуретанов and silicone of a pillow and сайлентблоки for cars. Cost of the second-hand equipment for minishop makes all about 300-350 thousand roubles, depending on a complete set. For work on similar manufacture two-three workers will suffice under a working condition in shifts.

For silicone manufacture such components as silicon, chrome, a pine forest, manganese, nickel, tungsten, selenium, copper, cobalt and etc. Under the influence of high temperature or at damage of silicone they can be liberated and harm to human health can be used. Therefore such potentially dangerous components are used only by manufacture of building silicone. The requirements shown to medical or food silicone, of course, much more strict.

If you have no the big starting capital, pay attention to narrower and, accordingly, budgetary spheres of manufacture. For example, among the Russian consumers silicone baking dishes, for soap manufacture in house conditions and souvenir production use great demand. They are made both commercially, and by the piece – under sketches and drawings of the customer.

For manufacturing of silicone forms is better to use as raw materials safe food silicone from the USA. Thus there is no necessity to get the expensive equipment. Such forms are made by means of ready matrixes where silicone cold отвержения, stiffening is manually filled in at room temperature. For similar manufacture there are no strict requirements to a premise (special system of ventilation, means of individual defence and etc.), so to be engaged it is possible at first and at home.

Thus, to start this business in a microformat of business will be the capital at a rate of 10 thousand roubles enough, without considering expenses on advertising: the press and distribution of leaflets, placing of announcements in advertising newspapers.

Many firms with narrow specialisation have in staff of own designer (plus a minimum of 15 thousand roubles in a month, depending on region) which develops various decorative elements and drawings for silicone forms. Under its sketches matrixes with which help silicone forms are made are created. Cost of one form begins from 500 rivers the Margin frequently makes more than 300 %. The Time of recovery of outlay of such small manufacture – from six months about one year.

How to open business on yarn manufacture

How to open business on yarn manufacture

The hobby for needlework and, in particular, knitting gets the increasing popularity in Russia. Accordingly, demand for a qualitative and various yarn both for manual, and for machine knitting increases. In our country there is a considerable quantity of factories which let out production of various quality and a price category.

Those enterprises which on the first place in the work put control over quality, creation of new kinds of a yarn, expansion of colour scale and improvement of traditional kinds of production taking into account fashionable tendencies are in the lead.

The largest home producer of a yarn the Semenovsky factory of a yarn which delivers the production not only on local, but also on the foreign markets (basically is considered, it is Ukraine and Baltic). The factory is one of the basic branches Moscow шерстопрядильной factories. This enterprise existing from Soviet period, one of the few could not only stand in competitive struggle against the western brands, but also win good reputation among consumers. The assortment of Semenovsky factory includes a yarn of various types (the basic specialisation – on a summer yarn).

On the second place on volumes of output there is Troitsk камвольная a factory – another one of the oldest Russian enterprises for yarn manufacture. It lets out some kinds гребенной tapes and a yarn for manual and machine knitting. The factory «Pehorsky textiles» lets out now more than hundred various kinds of a yarn.

Besides classical, the factory assortment includes a so-called shaped yarn – "grass", "boucle" and etc. This factory delivers a part of production abroad – to Great Britain, Canada, the USA and Czechia. One more large manufacturer – Open Company "Камтекс", which assortment totals less than hundred names of the yarn different on structure and on structure.

In total now by yarn manufacture in Russia it is occupied about 200 average and large enterprises. The yarn market in our country is extensive. Besides, it is one of few segments where the domestic production in low - and средне a price category is competitive and uses almost same demand, as import, at the expense of an optimum combination of the price and quality. Thus the Russian factories actively co-operate with colleagues from other countries, update the equipment and introduce new technologies.

The basic competitors of home producers – Chinese (for example, Shaoxing Xinhong Textile, Shenzhen Star Textiles, Zhejiang Tiansheng Holding Group and etc.), Italian (ALPES, E.Miroglio, Gruppo Lineapiu and etc.), and also the German companies (Vita, Gedifra and a number of others).

The necessary equipment for an average on volumes of output includes: tape cars, inclined cleaners, the store, трепальную the car, filters, reeling, spinning, combing cars, кругловязочные cars, ворсовальный the combing device and etc. Capacity of such enterprise makes about 30 tons of production a month.

For equipment placing industrial bases, warehouse, and also an administrative premise (the general settlement area about 2500 sq. m.) be required. As raw materials for manufacture the sheep and camel wool, the goat down, a mohair, a clap, альпака, flax, lavsan, acryle, kapron, viscose is used.

The ready yarn passes colouring process for what quality dyes are used. Knitting threads are not subdivided into grades, but their appearance should correspond to requirements of the scientific and technical documentation (reference document). At an estimation of quality of a yarn not painted over sites, knots of the second крутки, a corkscrew, разнооттеночность, and also the oil and polluted threads are considered as inadmissible defects.

The starting capital for opening of such enterprise makes about 25-30 million roubles. By business plan preparation also consider expenses on payments of a salary to workers of factory (staff of 20-25 persons, not including heads).

Finished goods sale price makes from 45000-50000 roubles for ton and above, depending on a kind of a made yarn.

The monthly profit of factory on manufacture of a yarn at the very beginning of its work will make about 750000 roubles (of calculation of initial capacity of 50 %) under condition of quality production and competitive prices. Thus in the first months of work monthly expenses can exceed profit in 2-2,5 times that also it is necessary to consider at forecasting of development of the company.

Carefully think over assortment of let out production. A yarn – the goods seasonal which uses the greatest demand during the osenne-winter period. The majority of manufacturers tries to let out a yarn of two kinds – winter (wool, polyester, acryle) and summer (basically, viscose and cotton threads).

For increase of competitiveness of production of the new company it is necessary to support the prices at level среднерыночных and more low, to watch and constantly to raise quality of production, carefully selecting suppliers and contractors, to expand assortment and to take part in the Russian and international specialised exhibitions.

Opening of studio of landscape design as business

Opening of studio of landscape design as business 

Studios of landscape design is rather new phenomenon in the Russian market of services which has appeared a little more ten years ago and, nevertheless, continues to type popularity actively. Irrespective of, where do you live – in a city or behind its limits, the beautiful and well-groomed court yard, a site or a zone round your shop draws attention and pleases a sight.

Steady demand for services of the professional landscape designer, high profitability of such agency and small initial investments do this kind of business attractive in the opinion of beginning businessmen.

Though the competition in this sphere rather big, but, basically, it concerns the companies working in a high price segment. Meanwhile, services in landscape design use considerable demand and among people with the income average level. This niche is for the present insufficiently filled, and you have every chance to take the place in the market.

What services are offered by the studio which is engaged in landscape design? First of all, this designing of a landscape, and also landing of plants, building of artificial reservoirs and erection of decorative and functional protections (a fencing, gates, gate), planning and a lining of paths (asphalted, мощенных a tile or a natural stone), creation of platforms, designing of irrigation system and illumination system, excavations (arrangement of flower beds, lawns, the Alpine hills).

Besides, there is a number of adjacent kinds of activity for which performance the executor addresses to the help of other companies. Certainly, small studios which undertake difficult orders, are compelled to co-operate with manufacturers of materials for building of fences and gate, various kinds of fencings, including decorative, canopies, arbours, fireplaces, weather vanes and etc.

The partnership with suppliers of materials and the independent contractors rendering similar services, allows to receive additional benefit and considerably to reduce initial investments.

The design studio or bureau develops projects, and the industrial and building companies are engaged in their realisation. Is at such partnership and the minuses: the company-contractor can break terms, execute the services insufficiently qualitatively, to break the obligations. To bear for it responsibility before the client it is necessary to studio of landscape design from which he concluded the contract.

So, small and the moderate-sized firms working in sphere of architecturally-landscape design, are engaged, first of all, in personal plot reduction in an order and performance of small orders.

Larger architecturally-landscape companies independently render the full list of services in gardening and an accomplishment, including working out of the project from zero, geoshooting, the chemical analysis of a ground, landing of rare plants, designing of premises and winter gardens, creation of artificial reservoirs, building of bridges, installation of benches, children's playgrounds, erection of sculptural compositions.

Such companies work, basically, with sites the area over 20 hundred parts. Orders of smaller volume for them are unprofitable. About half from total of orders get to "universal" contractors who render services "on a turn-key basis", that is a full complex of works from scheduling before landing of plants and erection of arbours, and the rest falls to a lot of small and average studios.

Certainly, in this business, as well as in any the reefs are the friend. Annually in big cities opens about thirty new firms positioning as studio of architecturally-landscape design, and approximately it is as much closed. The success of the company on creation of landscape design consists in the qualified and skilled personnel.

Optimum (but not the most budgetary) a variant – to employ experts. Their services will manage недешево, but these expenses will necessarily pay off. On the size to agency which is engaged in the device of landscapes, following employees will be necessary for an average: the landscape designer, the agriculturist, дендролог, the geodesist, землеустроитель, and also the bookkeeper, managers on sales and purchases, the working personnel.

If you have no sufficient means and-or want to begin with smaller, that, probably, you will accept the second variant – most to become the designer, having passed corresponding training. The blessing now exists a large quantity of courses of landscape design duration from three months about one year. Training cost makes from 12000 (for three months) and above. On these employment you receive base knowledge in the field of design, will get acquainted with bases of a composition, dendrology, and also study elements of work with the special software.

However, to expect that having disaccustomed by three months, half a year or even year and having received the certificate on the termination of courses, you the present expert in landscape design, of course, it become not necessary. As a result you can independently develop the simple project and, probably, even to realise it, but it is not enough for creation of own studio of it.

The optimum variant – to work at least year after the termination of courses under the direction of the skilled designer. To find such work difficult enough, and it practically is not paid. But you can gain unique practical experience which will give you much more, rather than some months of studying of the theory. The main problem of young designers – absence of examples of the works (portfolio) which potential customers can look. Hardly someone will dare to use services of the expert which has no any realised project, except the educational.

After training, acquisition of practical skills of work and, probably, creations of own client base it is possible to think of opening of the firm. At first it is possible to work without office, leaving on negotiations to clients. However the separate premise for storage of documents (accounting and design) and for work all the same is required to you.

The basic item of expenses – technics (the computer, the printer, the photocopier, phone) and special programs for designers. With their help it is possible to develop projects and to create evident presentations for clients. To save on the software it is not necessary.

If you plan not only to be engaged in design activity, but also to carry out a part of works independently, the list of the necessary equipment and equipment considerably will extend. In this case special tools (power saws, screw-drivers, chisels, ножовки and etc.), garden stock (a rake, shovels and other), and also the garden technics (lawn-mower) will be necessary for you. Thus, on acquisition of all necessary for work will leave from 150-200 thousand roubles and more.

The following stage after registration of the firm and acquisition of all necessary – search of clients. It is possible to place announcements of services rendered by you in local newspapers and magazines, in specialised editions, at regional Internet forums.

The minimum expenses on advertising can make about 10 thousand roubles (the announcement in newspapers). If the budget allows, reflect on creation of own site-cut-away (the most simple variant for 5-10 thousand roubles or nearly so free of charge if you can make it independently) where you can spread examples of the works, responses of clients and to specify your contacts. Order small circulation of own cut-aways (500 pieces of simple cut-aways will manage in 500-600 roubles) in which it will be possible to specify all data, including the address of your site on the Internet. At business plan drawing up consider that such business is seasonal. The osnovnyj peak of orders is necessary for the spring.

The prices for services in landscape design depend on region in which you live. On the average, consultation of the expert of departure on a site will manage in 500 roubles in an hour. Site shooting, measurements and gaugings also stand from 500 roubles for a site to five-six hundred parts. The preliminary project (sketch) – from 1000 roubles for a hundred part, the project of gardening of a site – from 3000 roubles for a hundred part. Cost of the budget documentation usually makes about 10 % from cost of all works. In architectural supervision of project realisation as much will manage.

The separate price-list operates on a spadework (cleaning of building garbage and its export, cutting down of trees, корчевание stubs, dredging and ground export, delivery of a fertile ground and etc.).

Arrangement of paved paths and court yard will manage in 500 roubles for square metre, not including costs of materials. Creation of a stony hill is estimated a minimum in 2,5-3 thousand roubles without cost of materials.

Creation of a decorative reservoir will manage in 5-10 thousand roubles for square metre, depending on the form, depth and materials. Planting of bushes costs from 500 roubles for a piece, trees – from 1000 roubles for a sapling. Works as it should be are paid for regular care of a site and its maintenance separately.

Thus, realisation of the developed project can manage to the customer in the sum from 10-15 thousand roubles for a hundred part and above, depending on volume and kinds of works, the budget of the customer, a relief and other features of district. The size of initial investments in the business connected with rendering of services in landscape design, depends on presence at you vocational education and experience in this sphere. To pay back all expenses it is possible from the first realised projects.